71.Stūpa drum panel with protective serpent

  • ca. 100 BCE
  • Amaravati mahācaitya, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh
  • Archaeological Museum ASI, Amaravati, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh

Reverence for the Buddha's teachings is poignantly expressed in this early drum panel from the Great Stūpa at Amaravati. The objects of venerationm-the Buddha's empty throne and his footprints, marked with the Dharma-wheel―are rendered simply, ensuring a clarity of message: the Buddha is present. Worshipping couples offer salutations along with gifts, perfume, flower petals, and a garland. The enclosure railing beneath their feet suggests this scene of veneration is set at a stūpa shrine, viewed from the gateway entrance. Aquatic foliage, including lotus bud and blooms, waterfowl, and a makara are all carved in shallow relief in the meandering frieze at the base of the panel.